As president from 1881 to 1885, Arthur advocated for civil service reform. © 2020 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The night of July 1, Garfield wrote in his diary about the day’s events and a trip to New England scheduled for the morning. È stato il 20º presidente degli Stati Uniti d'America.Il suo mandato è stato uno dei più brevi nella storia degli Stati Uniti d'America.. His father, Abram Garfield, had emigrated to Ohio from New York with his half brother, Amos Boynton, to work on the Ohio Canal. When the U.S. Civil War (1861-65) broke out, Garfield joined the Union army and served as a lieutenant colonel with the 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This was especially difficult maneuvering when Garfield served on the congressional committee charged with settling the disputed Rutherford B. Hayes (1822-93)-Samuel Tilden (1814-86) presidential election of 1876. He was assassinated after only a few months in office. Garfield, a Republican, went on to represent his home state in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served from 1863 to 1881. Meanwhile, his administration was torn on how to proceed, with Arthur refusing to take over executive duties. Instead, as a teen, he settled for a position towing barges up the Ohio Canal to help support his impoverished family. The shooting occurred less than four months into his term as president. When he was shot and incapacitated, serious constitutional questions arose concerning who should properly perform the functions of the presidency. During his tenure, America’s territory grew by more than one-third and extended across the continent for the first time. Franklin Pierce, the 14th president of the United States, signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, prompting a bloody conflict over Kansas' slavery status. Garfield, c 1875, Brady-Handy collection, Prints and Photgraphs Division. In November 1861, his brigade drove Confederate forces out of eastern Kentucky at Paintsville and Prestonsburg. Over the next several weeks you can hear the stories of Garfield’s remarkable, precedent … Garfield's political career continued during wartime. He was elected to the Ohio State Senate in 1859, serving until 1861. During his limited time in office, Garfield managed to initiate reform of the Post Office Department, and to reassert the superiority of the office of the president over the U.S. Senate on the issue of executive appointments. He also appointed several former slaves, including Frederick Douglass, to prominent government positions. Garfield finally succumbed to a fatal heart attack, massive hemorrhaging and blood poisoning on September 19, 1881, his 199-day term the second shortest in U.S. presidential history. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! As Garfield fell to the ground, Guiteau exclaimed, “I am a Stalwart and Arthur is president now!” (Guiteau was later convicted of Garfield’s murder and executed by hanging in 1882.). He was the first president to campaign in two languages -- English and German. He withdrew troops from the Reconstruction states in order to restore local control and good will, a decision that many perceived ...read more. We strive for accuracy and fairness. On September 19, 1881, Garfield, age 49, died from an infection and internal hemorrhage. In his spare time, he spoke publicly in support of the Republican Party and abolition. James Abram Garfield was an American soldier and politician who served as the 20th President of the United States in 1881. His assassin was Charles J. Guiteau, whose motive was revenge against Garfield for an imagined political debt. James A. Garfield Monument, Cleveland: Address, Phone Number, James A. Garfield Monument Reviews: 4.5/5 After nearly four months of political wrangling and maneuvering, Garfield sought to finally move forward with his agenda for civil service reform and other initiatives. A moderate Republican, Garfield had to appease both wings of his own party: the Stalwarts, who were the conservative, old-guard Republicans, and the Half-Breeds, who were moving toward progressivism. They ultimately had seven children. In 1859, Garfield began to study law. James Abram Garfield was born on November 19, 1831, in a log cabin in Orange, Ohio, near Cleveland. A year later, in 1857, he was named president of the school. He was buried in Cleveland. He preserved the Union during the U.S. Civil War and brought about the emancipation of slaves. Another office seeker, 39-year-old Charles J. Guiteau, grew resentful over repeated denials to his requests. During the U.S. Civil War (1861-65), he fought for the Union and rose to the rank of major general. James Abram Garfield, né le 19 novembre 1831 à Orange (Ohio) et mort assassiné le 19 septembre 1881 à Elberon (New Jersey), est un homme d'État américain, 20 e président des États-Unis.Après neuf élections consécutives à la Chambre des représentants des États-Unis dans l'Ohio entre 1863 et 1881, Garfield accède à la présidence sous l'étiquette du Parti républicain.

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